An intentional double bind is a form of psychological abuse and manipulation. It is a harmful tactic used by toxic individuals, particularly those with narcissistic or borderline personality traits, to exert control and erode a victim's sense of self. 

A double bind is a no-win situation where a person receives conflicting or contradictory messages, and any response they choose will lead to a negative outcome. When this dynamic is used intentionally, it becomes a tool for control rather than a simple communication breakdown. 

Differentiation of Self (DoS), a concept derived from Bowen Family Systems Theory, refers to an individual’s ability to maintain a strong sense of self while managing emotional connections with others. Higher levels of DoS are associated with improved emotional regulation, stress resilience, and healthier interpersonal relationships.

Nature-Based Interventions (NBIs) — including exposure to green and blue spaces, guided forest therapy, and horticultural activities — have demonstrated benefits for mental health, stress reduction, and emotional regulation. However, research exploring the specific effects of NBIs on DoS is sparse. This study aims to fill this gap, exploring whether participation in NBIs can enhance self-differentiation and the underlying mechanisms driving this effect.

Individuals with psychosis often navigate complex interpersonal and societal expectations that create double binds—situations where contradictory messages prevent effective action or response, exacerbating stress and symptoms. Concurrently, Nature-Based Interventions (NBIs)—such as therapeutic gardens, forest bathing, and community gardening—have been shown to reduce stress, improve cognitive functioning, and enhance emotional regulation.

However, there is limited research on how NBIs may interact with the double bind experience and whether they facilitate differentiation of self (the ability to maintain a sense of self while engaging in relationships). Understanding this relationship could provide innovative, non-pharmacological pathways to support mental health and recovery in psychosis.